In what scenario would flat spots most likely be created on train wheels?

Flat spots on train wheels are most likely created when brakes are applied suddenly or excessively while the train is in motion. This scenario results in the wheels locking up or skidding on the rail for a moment. As the wheel slides instead of rolling, it can create flat sections on the surface of the wheel, leading to uneven wear and potential safety issues.

Excessive braking, especially at high speeds or during emergency stops, increases the chances of this occurrence, as the friction between the wheel and the rail can prevent the wheel from rolling properly. Over time, flat spots can result in a noticeable thumping sound and can affect the ride quality and stability of the train.

Situations that may involve exceeding speed limits or improper maintenance can contribute to equipment issues but do not directly cause the creation of flat spots in the same instant manner as sudden braking. Similarly, overloading the train can lead to other mechanical stresses but isn’t the direct cause of flat spots on the wheels in the way that braking is.