What does derailment refer to in rail operations?

Derailment in rail operations specifically refers to the situation where a train or railcar leaves the tracks unintentionally. This can occur due to various factors such as track failure, equipment malfunction, or external obstructions. When a derailment happens, it can pose significant safety risks to passengers, crew members, and the surrounding environment, as well as lead to disruptions in service and costly repair operations. Understanding this definition is crucial for anyone involved in rail safety and operations, as it highlights the importance of maintaining both equipment and infrastructure to prevent such incidents from occurring.