When spotting auto racks, which cars must have hand brakes applied?

The correct approach when spotting auto racks requires that hand brakes be applied to the first car, the last car, and every fourth car in the consist. This practice ensures that the train is securely immobilized and minimizes the risk of unintended movement.

Applying hand brakes on the first car is critical because it helps control any movement that might occur when the train is positioned or separated during loading or unloading. The last car also requires a hand brake for similar reasons; it helps stabilize the end of the consist, preventing any rollback or movement away from the designated spot.

Furthermore, the application of hand brakes on every fourth car adds an extra layer of safety. This practice provides additional points of control along the length of the train, especially as it may stretch several cars long or vary in configuration. Not only does this reinforce the secure positioning of the train, but it also helps in distributing the braking force more evenly throughout the train, further reducing the risk of movement.

In essence, applying hand brakes strategically across the train enhances safety management, ensures proper functioning during loading/unloading operations, and aligns with industry safety protocols.